Research

The State Legislative Battle Over AI Infrastructure

Over 548 state data center bills from 2024 to 2026 reveal a contested shift from attraction to accountability, but with little to show yet

May 19 • Justin Kollar

Fossil AI II—Petrodollars and the AI Infrastructure Boom

How Gulf oil wealth is funding the global artificial intelligence expansion while exposing the physical vulnerabilities of the digital age

Mar 5 • Justin Kollar

The United States in Venezuela II—How to Sabotage an Oil State

How outsourcing Venezuela’s technological infrastructure established the blueprint for weaponized interdependence

Jan 12 • Justin Kollar

The United States in Venezuela I—How to Build an Oil Empire

How legal architecture, elite collaboration, and U.S. firms locked Venezuela into a century-long extractive order

Jan 8 • Justin Kollar

Semiconductors, Sprawl, and the Making of Arizona’s Techno-State

From Cold War defense plants to CHIPS subsidies, how speculative growth politics now serve global chip manufacturing

Nov 28, 2025 • Justin Kollar

Amazon’s Energy Empire in the Pacific Northwest

Behind (and Beyond) the Growth in Renewables

Mar 5, 2025 • Justin Kollar

How Google is Reshaping a Small Oregon Town

Water, Power, and Tax Breaks in The Dalles’ Data Center Boom

Feb 25, 2025 • Justin Kollar

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